How does gestational age influence insulin and glucose levels?

Gestational age has a significant impact on insulin and glucose levels due to physiological changes that occur throughout pregnancy. As gestational age increases, the body adapts to the metabolic demands of the growing fetus, leading to an increase in glucose production and insulin levels.

During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones that contribute to insulin resistance, which in turn increases the need for insulin to maintain appropriate glucose levels. This results in a scenario where, despite higher levels of glucose in the bloodstream, the body also ramps up insulin production to counterbalance this increase and ensure that the glucose is utilized effectively.

Additionally, insulin sensitivity tends to decrease as pregnancy progresses. This resistance is a normal adaptation, helping to ensure that sufficient glucose is available for the fetus while simultaneously providing the mother with energy. Therefore, the correct choice highlights the relationship between increasing gestational age and the concurrent rise of insulin and glucose production, along with the decreased insulin sensitivity that characterizes this phase of metabolic adaptation in pregnancy.