What distinguishes heart failure from a heart attack?

The distinction between heart failure and a heart attack centers on their definitions and underlying mechanisms. Heart failure refers to a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. This can be due to various factors, such as weakened heart muscle, stiffened heart chambers, or other diseases affecting the heart. As a result, individuals with heart failure may experience symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention.

On the other hand, a heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is suddenly blocked, typically by a blood clot in a coronary artery. This blockage prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching heart tissue, potentially leading to damage or death of heart muscle.

While both conditions relate to heart function, the immediate concerns and causes differ significantly. Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition that develops over time, often resulting from ongoing diseases such as high blood pressure or coronary artery disease. In contrast, a heart attack is an acute event that arises suddenly, demanding immediate medical attention. Recognizing these differences is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.

The other options mischaracterize the conditions. For example, heart failure is not solely a genetic issue, and while surgery may