Which antibody tests are the most accurate for diagnosing celiac disease?

The most accurate antibody tests for diagnosing celiac disease are the IgA antiendomysial and IgA antitransglutaminase antibodies. These tests are highly sensitive and specific for celiac disease, which is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.

IgA antiendomysial antibodies are particularly indicative of mucosal damage in the small intestine, while IgA antitransglutaminase antibodies correlate well with the severity of intestinal damage and are commonly used as the first-line screening test. A positive result from either of these tests can provide strong evidence for celiac disease, especially when combined with a thorough clinical evaluation and, if necessary, an intestinal biopsy for confirmation.

In contrast, the other tests mentioned do not pertain to celiac disease diagnosis. IgE and IgM antibodies are generally associated with allergic responses and do not provide relevant information for celiac disease. Anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith antibodies are markers used primarily in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and IgG and IgA immune complexes are more indicative of various immune responses and do not specifically aid in diagnosing celiac disease.