What is the major protein allergen found in shellfish?

The major protein allergen found in shellfish is tropomyosin. This protein is a key component of the contractile apparatus in muscle tissue and is abundant in various shellfish, including shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. In individuals who are allergic to shellfish, the immune system mistakes tropomyosin for a harmful substance, triggering an allergic reaction.

Understanding that tropomyosin is recognized as a significant allergen allows healthcare professionals to better educate patients on managing shellfish allergies, including avoiding specific types of seafood that may contain this protein.

Other proteins, such as casein and gluten, are associated with different food allergies (dairy and wheat, respectively) but do not pertain specifically to shellfish. Albumin, while also a protein found in many foods, is not the primary allergen in shellfish. Therefore, identifying tropomyosin specifically highlights its relevance in allergy management related to shellfish consumption.